Phyto-qualimetry of toxic pressure and the degree of ecotopes transformation in Donetsk region

Abstract

The work deals with informativeness of phytoindication under different environment transformations. Implementation of the principles of phytomonitoring must be differentiated depending on the specific impacts on ecotopes: chemical pollution (toxic effects), mechanical disturbance of the surface layer of soil (edaphotope degradation) and co-transformation (complete exposure). The following phytoindicational criteria are proposed: informative species to determine types of environmental regimes, features of plants to establish local technogenic pressure and universal phytoindicators to be used for industrial ecotopes of Donbass. Phyto-qualimetry is based on the use of index scales and indices, obtained as a result of geobotanic or structural (anatomic) analyses of plant facilities. The strategy of immediate phytoindicational research consists of the following: 1) defining for the model objects (test-species) characteristics that are characterized by the highest indicational variability; 2) studying the structural elements of plants in the dynamics, as well as ascertainment of their connection with other structures and indices of metallic pressure. We have found that for toxicological monitoring it is informative to use indicational indices of plants (Berteroa incana, Echium vulgare, Reseda lutea (appearance of the structure of plants, the life form), Capsella bursa-pastoris, R. lutea (transformation in the root tip terminals), R. lutea, Agrostis stolonifera (teratological manifestations in the flower), B. incana, C. bursa-pastoris (general generative transformation subpopulations) to determine the mechanical transformation – presence of plant species (Atriplex patens, Atriplex patula, B. incana, C. bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis muralis, E. vulgare, Tragopogon major), and for integrated pollution – indices of universal phytoindicators (A. patula, B. incana, C. bursa-pastoris, Cichorium intybus, Dactylis glomerata, D. muralis, E. vulgare, Plantago major, R. lutea, T. major, Tripleurospermum inodorum) for industrial ecotopes of Donbass.